Tanzania

Tanzania is faced with widespread environmental problems such as deforestation, soil erosion, pollution, the deterioration of aquatic systems, and a loss of biodiversity. Only about 22 per cent of Tanzania's land has mediwn to high fertility (United Nations Secretariat 1993). The rest of the land is not arable. This is largely because of unreliable rainfall, infertile soils and rampant pests and vennin. The areas with a high agricultural potential are often subjected to mechanized fanning, primarily for the production of cash crops.

Background and rationale for South–South workshops—an introduction to the workshop on smallholder dairy production and marketing—Constraints and opportunities

Tanzania has recently scaled up a piloted conditional cash transfer programme to target the extreme poor across the country. In addition, there has been moves to finalise a national social protection framework and the possibility of introducing an old age pension has been announced. This paper focuses on these three main social protection developments in Tanzania and looks into the role of different bureaucracies and their funding partners in shaping social protection policies.

There have long been conflicting interests between politicians, policy-makers and the government on the one hand, and the local people on the other, over the use of resources in Tanzania. One of these resources is wildlife. Most developing countries depend heavily on their natural resources, and Tanzania is no exception.

Since the 1990s, international organisations and funding bodies have become increasingly interested in the plight of pastoralists. Donors have compelled recipient countries with large numbers of pastoralists to take on board this agenda, pressuring governments to focus more on pastoralist issues in their Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Increasing donor support for the pastoralist agenda has also led to an increase in the civil society organizations championing pastoralist issues.