Despite high rates of return to investments (Heckman and Masterov 2007) and large developmental benefits for children (Currie and Thomas 1999; Reynolds et al. 2001), early childhood education (ECE) has historically been neglected in many low-income countries.
It can be seen all around the globe that forests are utilized, protected, and conserved in several ways. As resources, forests provide us with a broad range of relevant renewable raw materials such as food, fuelwood, and other bio products (Langat et al. 2016; Lee 2019), without forgeting the essential ecological and environmental services such as soil and water protection, recreation, conservation of biodiversity, carbon storage and climate change miti- gation (Dhyani and Dhyani 2016; Duguma et al. 2019).
As one of Africa's most wildlife-rich countries (see Kingdon, 1989; Stuart and Adams, 1990; Lovett and Wasser, 1993; Pomeroy, 1993), Tanzania provides an important case study for the theme of sustainable use, biological conservation and institutional management of conservation.
Nearly eighty percent of the land in Tanzania is classified as semi-arid and the main source of livelihood in these areas is pastoralism and agro-pastoralism. Pastoralism in Tanzania is, however, under threat from the effects of human settlement and state encroachment in favour of wildlife conservation all which are increasingly forcing pastoralists off their traditional lands.
Of the three East African British colonies (Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania), Tanzania was the least well off at the time of independence in 1961. At that time, only 16,691 students were enrolled in secondary schools, and all general education at higher levels was provided outside the country. Thus, the goals of post-independence educational policy were the distribution and equalization of educational opportunities and the expansion of the system at all levels, including the attainment of universal primary education.
Malawi Disability Act 2012
Malawi Forest Act 1968
Malawi Forest Rules 2001
Malawi Forest rules 2003
Malawi gender equality act 2013