The National Gender Policy provides guidelines for mainstreaming gender in various sectors of the economy with the overall goal of reducing gender inequalities and enhancing participation of women, men, girls and boys in socio economic and political development.
The African media landscape took on a new configuration in the 1990s because of the increased cry for multi-party democracy and the privatization of media. Until the 1990s policy was dominated by national development goals guided by the state. The technological, political and economic shifts taking place in the 1980s and 1990s heralded, for many, a new paradigm in communication policy.
The National Health Policy provides policy direction on key issues that are central to the development and functioning of the health system in Malawi. The Policy has been developed in line with the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi which stipulates that the State is obliged “to provide adequate health care, commensurate with the health needs of Malawian society and international standards of health care”1. In this respect, the Constitution guarantees all Malawians highest quality healthcare services within the limited resources available.
The health sector goals of the Government of Malawi are to improve the health status of all Malawians, to ensure that the population is satisfied with the health services provided, and does not suffer avoidable financial risks in the process of accessing healthcare. During the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) period (2000-2015), Malawi made significant progress in improving access to essential health services.
In much of Africa, as elsewhere in the Third World, education is the most prominent public policy arena. A large percentage of the population, a substantial portion of the annual national budget, and a good deal of the foreign assistance are all involved in education. Education policy is necessarily very political in its effect and therefore in its specification. This most prominent of public policies, however, has distinctly private dimensions.
The world’s new ideologies of regionalisationism and globalizationism anchor on the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) for promotion of a healthy business climate for upgrading the private sector and engineering for economic efficiency and development.
On the basis of agricultural potentiai, it is estimated'that more 50% of the land in Tanzania is semi-arid or arid due to three main factors.
In recent years, ambitious global commitments have been made to improve programmes for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 2011, the Global Plan was launched to “elimi-nate infant HIV infections by 2015 and keep their mothers alive”. 1 While the target was not reached, the initiative contributed to a 60% decline in infant infections from 270 000 to 110 000 between 2009 and 2015 across 21 priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
These policies were issued to support urban dwellers to attain food self-sufficiency and to grow food to combat fast increasing inflation. Government and political leaders repeatedly urged urban dwellers to raise livestock and produce food in their backyards and other open spaces.
The cornerstone of a successful higher education system, seeking both to produce ground-breaking knowledge and provide quality education, and in turn, foster the socio-economic growth of a nation, is research. As a result, research increasingly sits at the top of global, regional and national policy agendas, and now constitutes a high-stake undertaking for universities (Leathwood and Read 2013; Cloete, Bunting, and Maassen 2015; Hladchenko, de Boer, and Westerheijden 2016).